When it comes to killing germs and bacteria, both products are effective, but laundry sanitizers may be more suitable for daily use, while bleach is recommended for specific situations. Laundry sanitizers are gentle on fabrics and colors, while bleach is more effective in removing tough stains. Baking soda is a natural deodorizer that can help eliminate odors and kill germs.īoth laundry sanitizers and bleach have their advantages and disadvantages. Baking soda: Add half a cup of baking soda to your wash cycle to help sanitize your clothes.Hydrogen peroxide is a natural disinfectant that can kill germs and remove stains. Hydrogen peroxide: Add half a cup of hydrogen peroxide to your wash cycle to help sanitize your clothes.These oils have antimicrobial properties and can help kill germs. Essential oils: Add a few drops of essential oils like tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, or lavender oil to your laundry.Vinegar is a natural disinfectant that can kill germs and remove odors. Vinegar: Add a cup of white vinegar to the rinse cycle of your washing machine to help sanitize your clothes.Make sure to check the care label of your clothes to ensure they can handle hot water. Hot water: Wash your clothes in hot water, which can help kill most germs and bacteria.There are several ways to sanitize laundry without using bleach: They work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that may be present on your clothes or linen. Laundry sanitizers can be effective in reducing the number of bacteria and germs in your laundry. Similarly, if someone in your household has been sick with a contagious illness, using a laundry sanitizer can help to kill any germs that may be present on their clothes or linens. There are certain situations where using a laundry sanitizer may be beneficial.įor example, if you or someone in your household is immunocompromised, has a weakened immune system, or is at higher risk of infection, using a laundry sanitizer may help to reduce the risk of illness. Adding a cup of hydrogen peroxide to the wash cycle can help to kill bacteria and viruses. Adding a half cup of white vinegar to the rinse cycle of your washing machine can help to kill bacteria and neutralize odors.Īnother option is to use hydrogen peroxide, which is a natural alternative to bleach. One option is to use white vinegar, which can act as a disinfectant and a deodorizer. While bleach is a common disinfectant used in laundry, there are other options available that can be just as effective. Yes, it is possible to sanitize laundry without using bleach. Laundry sanitizers are recommended for use in specific situations, such as when washing clothes that have come into contact with someone who is sick, or when washing baby clothes.īleach comes in situations where there is a high risk of infection, such as when washing hospital bedding or when dealing with a mold infestation. Laundry Sanitizer Vs Bleach: When to use Laundry Sanitizers and Bleach In terms of cost, laundry sanitizers can be more expensive than regular laundry detergent, while bleach is generally cheaper. Laundry sanitizers are gentler on fabrics and colors and can be used safely on all types of fabrics. However, bleach is more effective in removing tough stains and can be used in higher concentrations for deeper cleaning. When it comes to killing germs and bacteria, both laundry sanitizers and bleach are effective. Laundry Sanitizer Vs Bleach: Comparison Table Features Laundry Sanitizer Bleach Kill germs Yes Yes Fight bacteria Effective Effective Stains removal Not effective Effective Gentler on fabrics Gentler Not Price Higher Cheaper Detailed Comparison between Laundry Sanitizers and Bleach However, bleach is a strong disinfectant and can kill a wider range of microorganisms compared to laundry sanitizer. Laundry sanitizer and bleach are both effective at killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the laundry. Use bleach in the correct concentration, as using too much can cause damage to clothes and the washing machine. One disadvantage of bleach is that it can damage fabrics and colors, making them fade over time. There are different types of bleach, including chlorine bleach and oxygen bleach. It is effective in killing germs and bacteria and removing tough stains. What is Bleachīleach is a popular product that has been used for many years to clean and disinfect clothes. However, they can be more expensive than regular laundry detergent. One advantage of laundry sanitizers is that they are safe to use on all types of fabrics. There are different types of laundry sanitizers, including those that are added to the washing machine and those that are added to the rinse cycle. They are designed to kill germs and bacteria, leaving clothes clean and fresh. Laundry sanitizers are a relatively new product that has become increasingly popular during the pandemic. 10 How to Sanitize Laundry Without Bleach What Are Laundry Sanitizers
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Future-proofing: Interfaces provide a way to future-proof a program, as they allow for the addition of new functionality without breaking existing code, provided that the new functionality is added through new interfaces.Testing: Interfaces make it easier to test code, as they provide a clear definition of the behavior that is expected from an object.Flexibility: Interfaces allow for greater flexibility in the design of a program, as they allow for classes to be designed to implement multiple interfaces.Polymorphism: Interfaces allow for polymorphism, which means that multiple classes can implement the same interface, allowing them to be used interchangeably.This allows for more modular and reusable code. Encapsulation: Interfaces provide a way to encapsulate behavior that is not tied to a particular class. Interfaces are an important part of Java programming and have several benefits, including for Java developers, including encapsulation, polymorphism, flexibility, and improved testing: They also help reduce coupling between classes by providing a standard way for different parts of code to communicate with each other.Īdditionally, the use of interfaces in Java provides a reliable mechanism of communication between different parts of an application and allows developers to rely on the same contract even when other parts of the application are changed and updated.īefore delivering further, if you are newer to the principles of OOP software development, you may wish to read some of the following tutorials: Interfaces allow for easier integration of new features as they create a contract that each class should comply with, resulting in fewer errors and increased readability. By using interfaces, we can also benefit from polymorphism, as a class can implement multiple interfaces, each providing its own set of methods and behavior. Interfaces are often used to define the contracts between different modules or components of a system, which can then be implemented by classes to form a working system. Interfaces in Java allows programmers to implement multiple inheritance, which would otherwise be impossible in Java. The reason that it is not possible in Java to extending multiple classes, is the bad experience from C++ where this is possible. An interface can extend other interfaces, just as a class subclass or extend another class. Interfaces specify what an implementing class must do, without specifying how the class should do it. You can extend multiple Interfaces but you cannot extend multiple classes. Read: The Best Tools for Remote Developers What is an Interface in Java?Īn interface in Java is a set of abstract methods with no implementations. This programming tutorial presents a discussion on interfaces in Java with relevant code examples to help developers understand the object oriented programming (OOP) concepts discussed. In Java, an interface is a type that defines a set of abstract methods (methods without implementation) and constants (final variables). We may make money when you click on links to our partners. The idea behind inheritance in Java is that you can create new classes. Inheritance in Java is a mechanism in which one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of a parent object. Inheritance is inheriting the properties of the parent class into the child class. content and product recommendations are editorially independent. Output: Interface inheritance: An Interface can extend another interface. Just don’t forget to bring your camera on this photo-worthy trip. But, if you’d rather stay in, the rental is equipped with an infinity deck, outdoor hot tub, bookshelf stocked with games and books, speedy Wi-Fi, and a firepit. The blackened brick backdrop gives you the nostalgic, old-timey vibes you’re craving on chilly December days, and pairs beautifully with. It’s in super-sharp 4K definition, runs for 10 hours and is totally free. Stationed in a conservation area just a short walk from downtown Joshua Tree and a 10-minute drive from the National Park, you’ll have no trouble finding something to do every day. YouTube is full of virtual fireplace videos, but this one is (as its title claims) the best. With four bedrooms that can accommodate two people each, bachelorette parties, friend groups, and families can all unplug and enjoy the atmosphere. If you’re not quite interested in enrolling in a full wellness retreat but still crave the benefit of some peace and quiet, this remote Joshua Tree-based rental is the perfect getaway for a couple of friends. If you book something through our links, we may earn an affiliate commission.īed & bath: 4 bedrooms, 2 baths Top amenities: Hot tub, firepit, infinity deck, outdoor rock shower, chef’s kitchen, alfresco dining table Best for: Going off-grid with friends and exploring Joshua Tree National Park All listings featured on Condé Nast Traveler are independently selected by our editors. We've vetted these listings based on Superhost status, ratings, amenities, location, previous guest reviews, and decor. From a treehouse in Hawaii to a shell-shaped cottage in Austin, Texas, these are some of the most unique, enjoyable, and beautiful places to stay in the US, and we don’t blame you if you start planning your next trip around one of them. Each of the properties we've selected are either Guest Favorites-a new distinction from Airbnb which recognizes properties with excellent reviews and proven reliability, including almost no cancellations-or Superhosts with a rating of 4.85 and above. This Ultra High Definition (UHD) video of a fireplace can be use. For hiking fans, beach bums, city dwellers, and everything in between, these picks range from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic, in every type of location for every type of excursion.įor some, it’s more about the location than the amenities, while for others it all comes down to which space you’d be able to comfortably fit your entire family in. Relax, sleep, study, work or meditate with the crackling sounds and views of a burning fire. Whether you’re scheduling your next great adventure or just planning a short and sweet weekend getaway, these Airbnbs can help turn your vacation into something unforgettable. Not only will it set the tone for the rest of the vacation, but it can mean the difference between waking up in the morning refreshed and ready to go, and counting down the days until you get back home. Picking the right rental to stay in can be just as important as picking the right location for your trip. A kind of take it or leave it approach for these apps. You can install and uninstall Microsoft UWP apps with extensive Powershell, but (again to the best of my knowledge) you cannot modify the apps. Start, Settings, Personalization, Start and ensure the setting to show all apps in the Start Menu has been turned ON (enabled).įor apps that are the Microsoft UWP apps, the location is where I showed and the icons (to the very best of my knowledge) are store in the app itself and in a very secure area of Windows (C:\Program Files\WindowsApps ). The list in Number 2 above is affected by Settings. That stands on its own and is not part of the three-part Menu System. There is a Microsoft-only Black Menu that you get by Left Clicking on Start. Select Add / General / Run PowerShell Script. Right-click and Edit your Windows 10 task sequence. Go to Software Library Operating Systems Task Sequences. Right-click your Windows 10 Customization package and select Update Distribution Point. ANY Tile can be removed by right clicking and selecting Unpin from Start. Open the SCCM Console and browse to Packages. There may be a couple of badly behaved apps, but I do not have any of those, so all my apps show up. we can download the free trial version of Start 11. By using this application we can emulate the Windows 7 Start menu, being developed by a company like Stardock, very popular in the field of customization. Any App listed here can be move to the Tiles section by right clicking and selecting Pin to Start. If we want to be able to customize the Start menu or the Windows taskbar, we can also choose one of the following applications. Now, when you click the Start button, the Start Menu fills. This contains all of your programs and all of the Microsoft (UWP) Apps. Step 4: Click the Toggle next to Use Start Full Screen to switch this feature on. When you click on the Start Button, there are 3 sections that we see: Here are some pictures, so you can see what I am asking about: Note: I am not talking about the app tiles that you can pin to the start menu, but the apps shown in the app list. Where is the folder for those shortcuts? Or is there another way to do that same thing with the MS Store apps? %appdata%/Microsoft/Windows/Start Menu/ProgramsĪs I said above, these folders are only for the programs not installed from Microsoft Store. That article tells me to look in the following two folders and change what I need/want: %programdata%/Microsoft/Windows/Start Menu/Programs I found this article showing how to manage all the programs installed on your computer (as well as folders), but this doesn't work for any apps installed from Microsoft Store. I want to manage what apps show in the Start Menu (specifically the application list inside the Start Menu). I don't need to know how to show/hide the application list in the start menu! I already know how to do that! I just need to know where the shortcuts for the Microsoft Store apps are stored. I am wanting to know how I can change the shortcuts (that are in the application list) that are for the apps that have been installed from Microsoft Store. Look for the Remove items from the Trash after 30 days option and check it.Select Empty Trash from the menu and release the key(s).Īlso, you can set your Mac to empty Trash for you automatically by following two ways.Press and hold the Option key or the Shift + Alt (Option) keys.Click on the Trash icon in the Dock and hold it until the menu pops up.Here’s another way to force empty Trash on a Mac: Type the Mac user password and press Enter.The corresponding file name(s) will be listed when you release your finger.Drag and drop them into the Terminal window.Open Trash from the Dock and then select all the files and folders.Please note that there’s a space after the letter R. You may also click Applications and Utilities from the Dock.Other fixes when you can’t empty Trash on Mac will be given in the next part. You can force empty Trash Mac by using the Terminal when your Trash can’t be emptied using the ways above. If you want your Mac to delete files securely every time you try to empty your Trash, please follow this guide:
See: The new 2023 Honda CR-V aims to excel in a multitude of ways. Those are both best-in-class ratings, just barely beating the roomy Honda CR-V. Most significantly, there are 41.3 inches of legroom in the adult-friendly rear seats and 39.6 cubic feet of cargo space in the Sportage. We like the idea of the dual-purpose digital control panel - the same knob increases volume or temperature, depending on the mode - but it'll always be a little extra cognitive load. And when not needed to hold your drink, the cupholder area cleverly transforms into an extra bin that can accommodate larger items. An asymmetrical center console puts buttons and controls within easy reach of the driver. Angular air vents hugging the curved display add a technical look. The dual 12.3-inch digital displays married beneath a curved sheet of glass dominate the first impression, but that's just the beginning. Our reviewers have collectively described the interior of the Kia Sportage as an attractive mix of sport, luxury, and tech. We've spent hundreds of hours driving and evaluating the current collection of compact SUVs, including this Kia Sportage. Few remember the rugged roots of the Kia Sportage in its early years, but this generation delivers a satisfying blend of on-road comfort and off-road capability. The handling around town is pretty standard for a compact SUV, and it feels stable around corners.Ī big surprise with the Sportage is that it's a pretty good off-roader when adequately equipped, namely in the X-Pro trims. Between the smooth, quiet ride and the upscale cabin, we thought it felt like a bigger, more expensive SUV in highway cruising. It's so serene and hushed that it rivals some luxury brands. One of the things that impressed us the most when we drove the Sportage was the quiet ride. Our reviewers have found power delivery and acceleration about typical for the segment. The Kia Sportage is powered by a 187-horsepower 4-cylinder engine matched with an 8-speed automatic transmission and front- or all-wheel drive. Second-row seat-mounted airbags are a new standard safety feature. AWD is no longer available for the SX trim, and LED projector headlights are now standard on every trim. Having been completely redesigned for 2023, changes are minor to the 2024 Sportage. Kia Sportage resale values are about average for the segment. These are manufacturer's suggested retail prices and don't include the $1,325 factory-to-dealer delivery fee (destination charge).īefore buying a Sportage, check the Kelley Blue Book Fair Purchase Price to know what you should pay. The Sportage is a slightly lower-priced alternative to segment stalwarts like the Honda CR-V and Toyota RAV4 (TM). All-wheel drive is a $1,800 option for the LX, EX, and SX Prestige trim, and it's standard on all X-Line and X-Pro models. The popular X-Line model begins at $31,890, and a loaded X-Pro Prestige model starts at $37,890. The 2024 Kia Sportage starts at $27,090 for the base LX model. See: The 2023 Kia Sportage Plug-in Hybrid is stylish, practical and has stellar safety scores The Honda CR-V (HMC), Mazda CX-50 (MZDAY), and Hyundai Tucson are each similar in different regards. The Sportage lineup also includes hybrid and plug-in hybrid variants, which are reviewed separately. Backed by Kia's famously generous warranty coverage, the Sportage ranks high on our list of the best compact SUVs for most people. Inside, we love the two big screens that serve as the focal point of one of the segment's roomiest interiors. Fresh off of a complete redesign for 2023, the Sportage shares a family resemblance with Kia's popular EV6 electric vehicle. Inside and out, the Kia (KR:000270) Sportage makes a strong case for the most cutting-edge entry in the competitive compact SUV segment. The Kia Sportage is one of our top-rated compact SUVs for its roomy and tech-forward interior, bold style, and class-leading warranty. SX AWD discontinuedStandard LED projector headlightsSecond-row seat-mounted airbags Spacious interiorClass-leading warrantyExcellent tech Solution: Yes, because 27, 36, and 45 are derived by multiplying each of 3, 4, and 5, which are Pythagorean triples, by 9. Sample Problem: Is 27, 36, and 45 a Pythagorean triple? If we multiply these three numbers by 4, we have 20, 48, and 52 these new triples are also Pythagorean triples. If you take the multiples of the triples listed above, you will still obtain a Pythagorean triple.įor instance, 5, 12, and 13 is a Pythagorean triple. You can try it and confirm that these triples are all Pythagorean triples. Some common Pythagorean triples are the following: Are these numbers Pythagorean triples?ġ, 2, and 3 failed to satisfy the Pythagorean theorem, so they are not triples. Notice how they satisfy the Pythagorean theorem:īoth sides are equal therefore, 3, 4, and 5 are Pythagorean triples. The smallest Pythagorean triples are 3, 4, and 5. Pythagorean triples are three positive whole numbers that satisfy the Pythagorean theorem. And since Q represents the measurement of a leg of the right triangle, the value of Q must be 8 cm. Therefore, the missing measurement of the leg of the right triangle is 8 cm long. Q 2 = -36 + 100 Transposition method (we isolate b from the constants) (6) 2 + (Q) 2 = (10) 2 One of the legs is 6 cm while the hypotenuse is 10 cm To find the missing measurement of a leg of a right triangle, we can use the Pythagorean theorem and manipulate the equation we will form.Ī 2 + b 2 = c 2 where a and b are the legs and c is the hypotenuse The other leg of the right triangle measures 6 cm, while its hypotenuse is 10 cm. Solution: In the figure above, Q represents the measurement of a leg. Sample Problem 3: What is the measurement of the side AB in the right triangle below? Therefore, we conclude that the shortest path from Helen’s house to the library is 50 meters long (try computing the total distance of all possible paths from Helen’s house to the library, and you will discover that the shortest distance is indeed the one represented by the diagonal line). It means that the diagonal line we draw measures 50 m. Thus, the hypotenuse of the right triangle we formed is 50. We let c as the length of the hypotenuse of the right triangle. The legs have measurements of 30 m and 40 m. The diagonal line will serve as the hypotenuse of this right triangle. We have already defined the legs of this triangle in the previous paragraph. Since we have formed a right triangle, we can apply the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of this diagonal line. The legs are the road from Helen’s house to the Acacia tree and the road from the Acacia tree to the library.Īnd what is the hypotenuse? None other than the diagonal line representing the shortest path from Helen’s house to the library. Notice that we have created a right triangle as we draw this diagonal line between Helen’s house and the library. The length of the diagonal line that we draw is the distance of the shortest path from Helen’s house to the library. After doing this thing a search bar window will open in your Mac. Step 5: Press the Command key, Shift key, and G key of your Mac simultaneously to go to the hidden library folder of your Mac. You will find the support files of Norton security in the hidden library folder of your Mac. As soon as your Mac starts up and opens, you have to find and remove support files of Norton security from your Mac. Step 3: Wait for the uninstall process of Norton security to finish and when the uninstall process of Norton security gets completed, then you have to restart your Mac. After clicking on this option, the uninstall process of Norton security will start. In that window there will be an option Uninstall Norton Security, you have to click on this option. After clicking on Norton security’s menu, a small window will open. Step 2: Now click on Norton security’s menu. Step 1: First of all, open Norton security from the Applications folder of your Mac’s Launchpad. Steps are mentioned below, by following which you can completely uninstall Norton antivirus from your Mac. Norton antivirus notifications pop up even after uninstalling Norton antivirus from Mac because Norton antivirus is not completely uninstalled from Mac. Norton antivirus notifications pop up even after uninstalling Norton antivirus from Mac and this has been told by many Mac users. How to uninstall Norton antivirus from Mac? if you need to reinstall the Norton software again please follow the guidelines for norton setup and activation. You have to follow the instructions.Īfter following the instructions, the Norton antivirus program will be completely uninstalled from your Windows. Step 4: Now a window will pop up on the screen of your PC, instructions will be given in that window to uninstall the Norton antivirus program. You have to click on this uninstall/change option. You have to right-click on the Norton Security program.Īfter right-clicking on the Norton Security program, a small window will open in which you will see an option, uninstall/change. One of these programs will be Norton Security. Step 3: After opening the Programs option you will be able to see many different programs. One of those different options would be Programs, you have to open it. Step 2: Now in the Control Panel you can see different options. Now you will be able to see the Control Panel option, do a Double click, and open it. In that Windows Search bar type “ Control Panel“. After pressing the Windows key and Q key together, a Windows Search bar will pop up. Step 1: So first of all, press the Windows key and R key together. Steps are mentioned below, by following which you can completely uninstall Norton antivirus from your Windows. 4 Uninstall Norton with Norton Removal Tool (Mac).2 How to uninstall Norton antivirus from Mac?.1 Uninstall Norton antivirus from Windows?. Once you have identified the song that is playing right now right-click it again and select the Copy selected files to option from the context menu. A right-click on a file and the selection of Play opens the file in the default media player on the system. tmp files without content type and download url. The Pandora Radio music files usually show up as. The file size should be more than 1 Megabyte and less than 5 Megabytes. You can first sort by browser to limit the display. Use the following indicators to locate the correct one that Pandora sent to your computer. When it does, switch back to Video Cache View and either wait until the program refreshes the listing automatically, or click on the refresh button manually to see the song that is now playing in the listing.Ĭhance is, you see multiple audio files in the listing. Make sure the radio streams music to your computer. I suggest you pick one of the top streams that are listed on the start page while testing. Now head over to the Pandora website and tune into a radio station there. Click on Options in the menu and remove the checkmark next to show video files. That may be a bit much and the first thing that we need to do after starting Video Cache View is to restrict the listing to audio. The portable software scans for all media file formats in all browser caches. The program basically scans web browser caches for media files and displays all files it finds in its interface. Don't let the name irritate you, it supports audio as well. Head over to the Nirsoft website and download Video Cache View. Even better, it uses a freeware application for that. This guide takes a look at a new and at the time of writing working method of downloading Pandora Radio to the PC. They are both about software programs that are no longer available. The two guides published in 2006 are obsolete now. Symptomatic patients were further divided according to their final diagnosis into organic and functional bowel disorders the latter subset was stratified into IBS, chronic functional diarrhoea and chronic constipation. NLH cases were divided into two groups: asymptomatic subjects (a-NLH), who underwent colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening or family history of colorectal cancer and symptomatic patients (s-NLH), in which colonoscopy was prescribed for IBS-type symptoms (abdominal pain and/or altered bowel habits in the absence of alarm signs or symptoms) or suspected IBD. We selected all cases showing lesions compatible with NLH, for which biopsies from multiple sites (ileum, ascending, transverse, sigmoid colon, and rectum) were taken. We evaluated all colonoscopies performed by a single endoscopist (ACP) from January 2012 to January 2015, at the Endoscopy Unit of the State Hospital of San Marino Republic. Based on this clinical observation, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of NLH in adults undergoing colonoscopy in San Marino Republic, and its association with known diseases. Most of the NLH cases that we have found in our daily practice, underwent colonoscopy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms, or suspected IBD, while a minority of them was asymptomatic. In 2010, Krauss et al evaluated the significance of lymphoid hyperplasia in the lower gastrointestinal tract in a cohort of consecutive adult patients and concluded that the presence of colonic NLH is not rare and it may represent a mucosal response to antigenic stimulation, like allergens or pathogens. Kagueyama et al, demonstrated that 39% of adult patients with chronic diarrhoea and a normal colonoscopy had NLH at histological examination of serial biopsies taken from the terminal ileum, ascending colon and rectum. Indeed, NLH frequency in adults might be largely underestimated because it is hard to recognize at WL endoscopy. Published literature includes case reports and small series of patients whether this relates to endoscopy underreporting or to the true rarity of the condition is unclear. NLH can mimic familial polyposis and it has been reported in association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease (CeD), lymphoma, dysgammaglobulinemia, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, diversion colitis and food allergies.Īdult NLH is considered a rare finding. In adults, NLH can be asymptomatic, or more rarely presents with gastrointestinal symptoms, like abdominal pain, chronic diarrhoea, and bleeding. However, there have been reports of NLH in children associated with refractory constipation, viral infection, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, connective tissue disease, immunodeficiency, cow’s milk protein hypersensitivity, familial mediterranean fever, and the so-called “autistic enterocolitis”. NLH is commonly seen in the terminal ileum and colon during paediatric endoscopies, and it has been classically considered a paraphysiologic phenomenon in children. Little is known about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical implications of NLH. Sometimes NLH had a reddish outline, the so-called “red ring sign” (RRS), due to hypervascularization at the base of the follicles, associated with granulocyte infiltrate. When biopsied, these areas always corresponded to clusters of ≤ 10 lymphoid nodules, composed of hyperplastic benign lymphoid tissue, named “nodular lymphoid hyperplasia” (NLH). In our daily practice, we have noted that some patients undergoing colonoscopy showed multiple slightly raised whitish areas, usually < 5 mm in diameter, closely spaced, difficult to see at WL endoscopy and easier to recognize with NBI. Among such techniques, narrow band imaging (NBI) uses optical filters in front of the light source, to narrow the wavelength of the projected light, to enable visualization of micro-vessel morphological changes and to enhance the visibility of both neoplastic and inflammatory mucosal lesions. In the last years, the introduction of advanced imaging techniques has ameliorated the characterization of mucosal lesions and has permitted to detect minimal mucosal changes that might be missed with standard white-light (WL) colonoscopy. However, there are conditions in which symptomatic patients might have a normal colon appearance on colonoscopy, although their intestinal mucosa shows signs of microscopic inflammation at histological examination. Colonoscopy allows direct visualization of the mucosa of the lower gastrointestinal tract and it is a useful tool to investigate symptoms of lower bowel diseases. |
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